Adjectives
The adjective can be used in a sentence predicatively – as part of the predicate. In this case, it is not declined, e.g. |
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Der Briefkasten ist gelb. |
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Almost all adjectives can be declined. Adjectives are declined when they come as an attribute before a noun, e.g.: |
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der neue Film, auf einer grünen Wiese, mit kaltem Bier |
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There are three types of declination: 1. after a definite article word (der neue Film, die grüne Wiese, das kalte Bier) |
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2. after an indefinite article word (ein neuer Film, eine grüne Wiese, ein kaltes Bier) |
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3. without an article word (neuer Film, grüne Wiese, kaltes Bier) |
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Many adjectives (and some adverbs) can be escalated (compared). A comparable adjective has three comparison forms: the positive, the comparative and the superlative. The positive does not take on a special form. The comparative adjective is formed by adding the suffix -er; the superlative by adding the suffix -(s)t. The vowel of monosyllabic adjectives often changes. Sometimes an -e- is added to make pronunciation a little easier: |
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When the comparative or superlative is used as a predicate or as an adverbial determiner, it is not declined (like the positive form), e.g.: |
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Dieser Weg ist kürzer (als der andere). Jener Weg dauert am längsten. |
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When the comparative or superlative is used as an attribute in front of a noun, it is declined (again, like the positive form), e.g.: |
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Das ist ja doch ein längerer Weg. Ich nehme lieber den kürzesten Weg. |
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Some adjective escalations are irregular: |
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gut – besser – am besten |
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The comparison form expresses varying degrees of a characteristic. The intent here is to make a comparison. |
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Positive: characteristics are the same, object of comparison can be combined with wie: |
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Er ist groß. |
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Comparative: characteristics differ (higher degree), object of comparison can be combined with als: |
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Er ist größer als du. |
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Superlative: characteristics differ (highest degree): |
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Er ist am größten (von euch). |
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Numerals | ||||||||||||||||||||
Numerals can be differentiated between the cardinal number (Grundzahlwörter) (eins, zwei … ) and the ordinal number (Ordnungszahlwörter) (erst(e), zweit(e) …). These numerals can also be called number adjectives. |
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